Josiah Strong - Our Country (1885)
Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr. (R-MA)
Alfred Thayer Mahan - The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890)
Queen Liliuokalani
Sanford B. Dole
McKinley Tariff of 1890
"yellow" journalism
jingoism
William Randolph Hearst
"reconcentration" policy
De Lôme Letter
"Splendid Little War"
Teller Amendment
Rough Riders
Commodore George Dewey
Treaty of Paris (1898)
Foraker Act (1900)
Insular Cases (1901)
Jones Act (1917)
Anti-Imperialist League
José Martí
Cuba libre
Emilio Aguinaldo
Boxer Rebellion
Open Door Notes
John Hay
Rudyard Kipling - "White Man's Burden"
Elihu Root & the Platt Amendment
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1) DISCUSS THE tensions within progressivism between the ideas of social justice and the urge for social control. What concrete achievements are associated with each wing of the movement? What were the driving sources behind them?
One tension in progressivism was the struggle of different social classes. Not all people were granted opportunities like upper class people were. Newspapers were not too expensive such as McClure’s magazine so this was an advantage for urban middle class people. This allowed a variety of different people to know what was going on in the world, yet still not everyone. Upton Sinclair wrote a book called The Jungle about a family of immigrants who came to the United States to look for a better life but their lives got worse. Not everyone was treated right, but it did get better for some people. New movie theaters opened and they were not only for the upper class citizens now middle class people could afford them, but still not poor people. Journalism and cinematography were becoming big during this time and a lot of it was based on the social class systems in a way. For example Lester Frank Ward was a sociologist who critiqued social Darwinism and believed in it. Although, his theories and the theories of those he agreed with were not always correct he tried to prove his point. Like Ward many people did try to prove a point about social classes whether it be through writing or pictures and cinematography. Some people were also heard and did get their points across maybe that’s why the social class system evolved a little.
2) Terms:
Muckraking- Journalism exposing economic, social, and political evils, so named by Theodore Roosevelt for its “ranking the muck” of American society.
McClure- It was a large circulatory magazine. The magazine was named after the man in charge S.S. McClure. This magazine only cost a dime for a monthly. It combined popular fiction with articles on science, technology, travel, and recent history. The readers ranged from urban middle class through aggressive subscription and promotional campaigns, as well as newsstand sales.
Jacob Riss- was a journalist who shocked the nation with his landmark book How the Other Half Lives, a portrait of New York City’s poor. His books included photos he had taken in tenements, lodging house, sweatshops, and saloons. He combined analysis of slum housing patterns, which had a powerful impact on a whole generation of urban reformers.
The Jungle- was a novel written by Upton Sinclair about the harsh conditions of immigrants trying to make it in America. These workers were exposed to filthy sanitation and abysmal working conditions in the stockyards and meatpacking industry.
Lester Frank Ward- a sociologist who in his pioneering work offered an important critique of Social Darwinism, the then orthodox theory that attributed social inequality to natural selection and the “survival of the fittest”. He argued that the conservative social theorists responsible for social Darwinism, such as Herbert Spencer and William Graham Sumner, had wrongly applied evolutionary theory to human affairs; confused organic evolution with social evolution.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) - grew into a powerful mass organization in the late nineteenth century. Local chapters included nontemperance activities in their reform efforts. By 1911 they had a quarter million members.
John Sloan- the most talented artist among the so-called Ashcan realist school of painting. He served as art editor for The Masses magazine for several years, and his work was celebrated the vitality and diversity of urban working-class life and leisure. This included the new commercial culture represented by the motion picture.
The Smith- Hughes Act of 1917- it provided federal grants to support these programs and set up a Federal Board of Vocational Education.
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